The Assam-bound Chandigarh-Dibrugarh Express derailed, leading to the toppling of eight coaches. The incident took place near Gonda, between Motiganj and Jhilahi railway stations, about 150 km from Lucknow. Two people lost their lives, and about 34 were reportedly injured in the accident. Fortunately, no casualties were reported from Assam. The Chief Ministers of Assam and Uttar Pradesh, HimantaBiswaSarma and Yogi Adityanath, expressed their shock and sorrow over the incident on social media. CM Adityanath also announced Rs. 10 lakh compensation to the bereaved families.

The Ongoing Issue of Train Accidents

In June 2023, a devastating collision in Odisha involved the Coromandel Express, SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah SF Express, and a goods train, leading to over 288 deaths and more than 1,000 injuries due to signal failure and human error. Another tragic incident occurred in June 2024 near Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, where the Kanchanjunga Express collided with a goods train, resulting in at least 11 fatalities and numerous injuries, with initial investigations highlighting crew lapses and operating department issues​.

Train accidents have been a persistent and serious issue in India for a long time. These incidents can be categorized into various types, including derailments, level crossing accidents, collisions, and fires. Each type of accident has its own set of causes and consequences, contributing to the overall safety challenges faced by the Indian Railways.

Types of Train Accidents

Derailments: The most common type of train accident, often caused by track issues, mechanical failures, or human error.

Level Crossing Accidents: Occur when trains collide with vehicles or pedestrians at railway crossings, frequently due to negligence or lack of proper signaling.

Collisions: These involve trains colliding with each other or with stationary objects, usually due to signal failures or miscommunication.

Fire Accidents: Though less common, fires in trains can be devastating, often caused by electrical faults or the mishandling of inflammable materials.

Statistics of Train Accidents Over the Years

1971-1972 to 1981-1982: 9,968 accidents

1. 1982-1983 to 1992-1993: 7,013 accidents
2. 1993-1994 to 2003-2004: 4,620 accidents
3. 2004-2005 to 2014-2015: 1,853 accidents
4. 2015-2016 to 2021-2022: 449 accidents

Analysis of Train-Related Deaths (2017-2021)

The Crime Records Bureau reported over 100,000 train-related deaths from 2017 to 2021. The primary causes of these accidents were:

• Derailments (69%)
• Level Crossing Accidents (32%)
• Collisions (5%)
• Fire Accidents (3%)

Root Causes of Train Accidents

Investigations into train accidents have identified several root causes. Human error accounts for 85% of total accidents, encompassing mistakes by railway staff such as signal errors, miscommunication, or improper handling of equipment. Equipment failure, responsible for 5% of accidents, often results from mechanical failures in trains or tracks due to inadequate maintenance or outdated infrastructure. Sabotage, making up 4% of the causes, includes deliberate acts of disruption sometimes related to terrorism or local disputes. Lastly, climatic conditions, contributing to 3% of accidents, involve natural factors like heavy rains, fog, or extreme temperatures that can affect track stability and visibility.

Measures to Combat Train Accidents

To address these incidents and improve railway safety, several measures can be taken:

1. Renovate Old Train Infrastructure: The government should prioritize the renovation of old train infrastructure dating back to the British era. Upgrading tracks, signals, and rolling stock will significantly reduce the risk of accidents.
2. Proper Training and Awareness: Railway staff should receive comprehensive training to enhance their vigilance and ability to handle emergencies. This includes regular drills and updates on safety protocols.
3. Technological Upgrades: Implementing advanced technologies such as automated signaling systems, real-time tracking, and predictive maintenance tools can prevent many accidents caused by human error and equipment failure.
4. Improving Level Crossings: Installing barriers, warning systems, and educating the public about the dangers at level crossings can reduce accidents at these critical points.
5. Enhanced Surveillance: Using CCTV cameras and monitoring systems can help detect and prevent sabotage and other malicious activities.
6. Emergency Response Plans: Establishing robust emergency response plans and ensuring all railway staff are familiar with them can mitigate the impact of accidents when they occur.

Learning from Global Standards

Japanese Railway Model: Renowned for safety, punctuality, and advanced technology. India can draw lessons from Japan’s rigorous safety standards and technological innovations to improve its own railway network.

Implementing these measures is essential for reducing train accidents and ensuring safer journeys for passengers. Continuous improvements and a focus on safety will help in significantly reducing train accidents in India.

For India to progress effectively as a nation, the railway system must undergo significant improvements to ensure safety, quality, and cleanliness. Given that the majority of the population relies on railways for long-distance travel, addressing these issues is crucial.