Assam is a state in northeastern India known for its diverse and rich flora, including a variety of orchids. There are many species of orchids that are native to Assam and the surrounding region, including both terrestrial and epiphytic (growing on other plants) species.

The state flower of Assam is the Rhynchostylis retusa, which is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. There are many species of rhododendron that are native to Assam and the surrounding region, and they are known for their large, showy flowers that bloom in a variety of colors, including pink, red, white, and purple.

Rhododendrons are found in a variety of habitats in Assam, including forests, alpine meadows, and grasslands. They prefer moist, cool conditions and can be found at elevations ranging from sea level to high in the mountains.

In addition to being the state flower of Assam, rhynchostylis retusa is also an important plant in traditional medicine and is used to treat a variety of ailments. They are also valued for their beauty and are often cultivated for use in ornamental gardens. Locally they are known as foxtail orchids, or as “Kopou ful". It is a terrestrial orchid, which means that it grows in soil rather than on other plants. The foxtail orchid is known for its long, spiky inflorescence, which gives it its common name. The flowers are small and pinkish in color and have a faint, sweet fragrance. The foxtail orchid is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and wet meadows. It prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.

In Assam and other parts of northeastern India, the foxtail orchid is a popular subject of study and conservation efforts due to its cultural and ecological significance.

Some of the orchid species found in Assam include:

Dendrobium: This is a large and diverse genus of orchids, many of which are native to Assam. Dendrobium orchids are epiphytic and are often found growing on trees in the region.

Cymbidium: These orchids are also native to Assam and are known for their large, showy flowers. They are epiphytic and are often found growing on trees in humid, forested areas.

Vanda: This is another large and diverse genus of orchids that includes many species native to Assam. Vanda orchids are epiphytic and are often found growing on trees in the region.

Coelogyne: This genus of orchids is native to Assam and is known for its fragrant flowers. Coelogyne orchids are epiphytic and are often found growing on trees in humid, forested areas.

Orchids are an important part of the biodiversity of Assam and are valued for their beauty and cultural significance. They are also important for the local economy, as they are often used in traditional medicine and are popular in horticulture.