Guwahati, June 2025 — In a move drawing national attention and legal scrutiny, the Assam government has intensified its efforts to expel individuals identified as illegal immigrants, particularly those declared as foreigners by Foreigners’ Tribunals. The latest action has seen over 330 individuals "pushed back" across the Indo-Bangladesh border, with Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma vowing to further expedite the drive.

Citing demographic pressure and security concerns, the state has begun enforcing the rarely used Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act, 1950. This law empowers Deputy Commissioners to issue expulsion orders without requiring tribunal clearance. The pushbacks—now carried out in groups from border districts like Dhubri and South Salmara—have sparked a legal and moral debate across the country.

The Supreme Court recently upheld the state’s right to use the 1950 Act and questioned the limited action taken despite clear verdicts from Foreigners’ Tribunals. In response, the state government has ramped up enforcement. Many of those expelled had been living in Assam for decades, with critics arguing that these actions bypass due process and threaten civil liberties.

Petitioners from affected areas have approached the courts, arguing that many deportations are being carried out arbitrarily, sometimes even without the individual being served proper notice or given a chance to appeal. A recent plea before the Supreme Court alleged violations of fundamental rights, but the court referred the matter to the Gauhati High Court for detailed examination.

Speaking in the Assembly, CM Sarma maintained that no genuine Indian citizen would be affected, emphasizing that the action targets only illegal infiltrators. He also highlighted the resource burden the state bears due to illegal immigration, pointing to long-term political and economic implications.

While the Assam government has claimed that Bangladesh has accepted some deportees, the neighbouring country has not issued any formal statement acknowledging these returns. Diplomats on both sides are reportedly engaging behind closed doors.

This development comes amid larger national concerns over illegal immigration and identity verification. As Assam continues its pushback policy, the debate over legality, humanity, and national interest is expected to intensify in the weeks ahead